What is PMGKAY?
- The PM Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana was first introduced in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic and was designed to provide 5kg free foodgrains to eligible ration card holders under the National Food Security Act, 2013 (NFSA).
- Initially set to expire in December 2022, the scheme was extended till December 2023 and now, it has been extended for an additional five years.
- Since its inception, the government has allocated 1,118 lakh metric tonnes of foodgrains from its central procurement pool for Rs 3.9 lakh crore.
What is the National Food Security Act 2013?
About:
National Food Security Act, (NFSA) 2013 marks a paradigm shift in the approach to food security from welfare to a rights-based approach.
Beneficiaries:
- The Act legally entitled up to 75% of the rural population and 50% of the urban population to receive subsidized food grains under the Targeted Public Distribution System.
- About two-thirds of the population therefore is covered under the Act to receive highly subsidized foodgrains.
- It encompasses two categories of ration card holders: Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) and Priority Households (PHH).
- As a step towards women’s empowerment, the eldest woman of the household of age 18 years or above is mandated to be the head of the household to issue ration cards under the Act.
Provision:
- Under this program, AAY households are entitled to receive 35 kg of foodgrains every month, regardless of the number of family members.
- Priority Households receive food grains based on family size, with each member getting 5 kg per month.
Merger of PMGKAY and NFSA:
- In January 2023, the PMGKAY was integrated with the NFSA, resulting in the provision of all rations for AAY and PHH families at no cost.
- This merger eliminated the extra provisions that were introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic by incorporating the free component of the PMGKAY into the NFSA.
What are the Impacts of the Extension of PMGKAY?
Positive Impacts:
- Addressing Immediate Food Security Needs: The extension provides relief to lower-income households, ensuring continued access to essential food supplies, and addressing immediate food security concerns.
- In times of economic distress or natural disasters, the program provides a safety net, offering immediate relief to those facing sudden hardships, and ensuring basic sustenance during crises.
- Boosting Rural Economy: The procurement of food grains for the scheme provides support to local farmers and agricultural communities, contributing to rural economic growth and stability.
- Social Cohesion: The program fosters a sense of community welfare, where government initiatives ensure no one goes hungry, promoting social cohesion and a sense of collective responsibility towards those in need.
Negative Impacts:
- Long-term Fiscal and Economic Concerns: The program’s extension incurs significant fiscal costs.
- Over time, the cost may escalate due to rising procurement expenses, leading to a burden on the government’s budget.
- There is a risk of straining the fiscal deficit, especially if accompanied by a lack of corresponding revenue increases.
- Distortion in Market Dynamics: The extended scheme, by providing free or highly subsidized food grains, might disrupt market dynamics, impacting the agricultural sector and distorting prices.
- Dependency and Sustainability Issues: The perpetuation of free food grains could create dependency among beneficiaries, reducing the drive for self-sufficiency or alternative livelihood efforts.
- Depending on government handouts may not be a sustainable, long-term solution for addressing poverty and hunger.
- Competitive Populism and Policy Consistency: This extension might lead to competitive populist measures among political parties, which may drive unsustainable policies and put pressure on public finances.
